Power

According to the Pakistan Economic Survey 2019–20, the installed electricity generation capacity reached 37,402 MW in 2020. The maximum total demand coming from residential and industrial estates stands at nearly 25,000 MW, whereas the transmission and distribution capacity is stalled at approximately 22,000 MW. This leads to a deficit of about 3,000 MW when the demand peaks. This additional 3,000 MW required cannot be transmitted even though the peak demand of the country is well below its installed capacity. The Electricity Generation of Pakistan is :

Electricity – generation: 134,745.70 GWh (FY2019-20)

Electricity – generation by source (FY2019-20)

o    Furnace oil: 14% of total

o    Natural gas: 31% of total

o    Coal: 16% of total

o    Hydroelectric: 29% of total

o    Nuclear: 4% of total

o    Renewable (solar & wind): 5% of total

o    Others (Bagasse, Waste Heat Recovery etc.): 1% of total

Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted, distributed, and retail supplied by two vertically integrated public sector companies, Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) responsible for the production of hydroelectricity and supplied by power distribution companies currently 13 all in the public sector (except Karachi), and the Karachi Electric (K-Electric) for the city of Karachi and its surrounding areas. There are around 42 independent power producers (IPPs) that contribute significantly in electricity generation in Pakistan.

More than 99% of its population on average has access to electricity. Pakistan has a total installed power generation capacity of over 40,000 MW as of 5 April 2021. Furnace oil (15 percent), hydel (26 percent), natural gas (12 percent), LNG (25 percent), coal (9 percent), renewable (solar and wind 5 percent) and nuclear (8 per cent) are the principal sources.